Research Papers on Cloud Computing

Research Papers on Cloud ComputingIn recent years, it has become more apparent that the idea of the cloud is going to be a reality soon. In fact, there have been so many research papers coming out about the future of cloud computing that I can't even begin to write about them all here. The following are just a few of the papers that will really provide a good overview of the future of cloud computing.One of the most important papers on cloud computing came from Cisco. In fact, Cisco provided a paper which shows why cloud computing and the Internet are very important to business. They also provided a view of why the Internet is better for businesses than traditional technology. The reasons for this include:- Instantaneous Collaboration - If a group of IT staff across the globe were to create an application together within a day of coming up with the idea, they could have instant collaboration between all of their teams. The collaboration created by cloud computing is much more powerfu l than that which can be achieved by current software.- Network Presence - Cloud computing allows one to not only create an application, but it also allows the application to be hosted by the global community of IT professionals who run the software. This allows you to be able to see the application in action across the globe, rather than only being able to see it in your own region.- Real World Problems - The ability to see what's happening in the real world through the use of the cloud is very different from the lack of information that can be obtained through traditional systems. This makes the cloud a very valuable tool for all business in real life situations as well as those who need a virtual place to work on their computer.- Easy Integration - When it comes to integrating all of your information from the web, whether it is information about your customers about your network, then the way that the internet works can easily be hacked. The networks and information technology th at run the internet are very vulnerable. If a hacker were to hack into a system with access to the information, then they could wreak havoc with everything from your network to your accounting data.Cloud computing presents a lot of advantages for businesses of all sizes and it's easy to see why the network is the best choice. There are still a lot of studies being done on the future of cloud computing and we will continue to keep you updated.

Sample Intro Essay From Harvard University

Sample Intro Essay From Harvard UniversityDo you have a sample intro essay from Harvard University? If not, why not? There are numerous schools that offer the opportunity to write an essay. The essay that we will write is from Harvard University.It is also called the test that the student has to pass before the admission. So it is very important that you write the essay well. In order to do this, you can use some basic skills that are taught in colleges and universities. Some of these skills include common sense, grammar, and persuasive writing. These are the skills that you need to start with.One of the basics is to write an essay. You can find the sample essay from Harvard University on the internet. If you want to improve your writing skills, you can buy the book and use it as a guide. So, learn from the mistakes that you make and improve your writing skills.Second, you have to write an article about a topic that interests you. It can be about politics, science, world, entertainme nt, anything. After the article, you have to do research on the topic. You should read the articles and also watch the television. See how it is being covered. With the help of research, you will learn about the topic.Now, the third skill is to know about the social sciences. That is, you have to know how to use the proper phrases and words to explain the topic. With the help of research, you will learn the proper language to speak about topics in the social sciences. Use the correct words and you will be more confident to speak the topic.The final skill is to produce an analysis about the topic. In order to do this, you have to go through the data. With the help of research, you will know the data that you will use. This data will tell you the correlation between the two words and that means you will produce an analysis. In this way, you will know the cause and effect relation.Research is the key to success. With the help of research, you will not only pass the test but you will al so succeed in your career.

My odyssey free essay sample

As the destruction of one life began a new person is finally revealed and put to the ultimate test of reality. When I had finally arose from the darkness of inside my mother I knew I was in a long awakening. As a baby I didnt expect much besides making sure I was properly taking care of. I had the perfect life until I was forced to prove my Initiation that I was able to become a True Bonneville. For my refusal of call I had pulled off a temper-tantrum but I was threatened to get the belt so I sucked It up and dealt with the thought of what will Ill ahead. Fortunately I was wrong about the future because I thought I was going to be cut and clean and have directions to my part of becoming the True Bonneville. No but it turns out one of the many challenges is that I have to make my own rules and when finished I get to edit it at the end and put it in the rule book. We will write a custom essay sample on My odyssey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My challenge began when I was brought in the COPS (Child Protective Services) and I had to go to my grandparents. They were really strict and only like things done In a certain way. Every morning after you get done eating breakfast and getting ready for the day you were thrown outside.My older brother and I had to use our imagination in order to make it through. When it was a bad day due to humidity, coldness, or when my grandmother said it wasnt a good day we were In our bedroom and we had some few good sides into it and bad sides. As kids we had to play but I was able to brush her hair and play on her computer. Not only that but we were also able to watch 2 hours of television. Other than that you were only able to play with your toys and or read a book. When you would get into trouble you would have many consequences.My grandparents Invented the enmeshment of the chair in my family and all you had to do was after school or special occasion you had to place your butt in there and sit there and do work. You can only get up to use the bathroom, eat, and or drink. The other punishments were the usual: writing sentences, sit up against the wall and only read, and being grounded. I had to stay with them for about 18 months. It would have been shorter but my older brother and I had played a game that my older brother had made up. Its called The Slapping Game.It is where you have to slap your opponent and if you lunch then you get hit again until you dont flinch anymore. The next I was told to go wipe something off my face but I couldnt due to the fact that it was a bruise. Next thing you know the whole COPS people were on all of our butts and came to my school asking me all these questions about how my dad had hit me and its k if he did. Everyone told them he TLD but they didnt take no for an answer. Finally after Like a week they had finally stopped riding our butts and gave up. When the Kinsman, Arizona stated that me and my older brother were able to go back to our father we tot ready and started to move. I was a little excited because I was able to explore another place that I was able to do more research on for my rule book. The only challenge that I had saw for this one was the 1500 mile drive. It kind of scared me but I couldnt let something as silly as a long drive on highways get me all worked up. To wake up early in the morning so we can get there in the little amount of time we have to take out of our life so we can focus the rest on what we need to.I was up at around 6 in the morning and had to get dressed and eat. I was the second one to be up. The first one up was obviously my dad due to the fact that he had to make sure that everything was set and that there was nothing that could possibly go wrong while we are driving on the road. Next was my brother who is always the last minute guy we got used to it by now. We all got water, snacks, blankets, electronics, and pillows. Everyone was ready to head out at 8. So we got in our cars and the Journey began 2 will my life come into place?As the life goes on you have to pick what you need to accomplish and need in life. So what I have decided to do is to go too park. Preferably one that will have a bench so I an sit and think. As I walk to the park I always listen to music that will help me come up with some brainstorming of what my goals in life are. I already have some clear ideas that I will want to bring into my life and make me feel proud life. When I have finally gotten to the park and spotted a bench I take out the book of rules that I have in my bag that I always carry with me.I start writing the goals that I would want to accomplish. The following are: 1, I would want to make a difference in the world. 2, I would like to know why I am here and what I would influence on people and what hey would do in their life. 3, why the world always likes to bring people down and challenge them. As I keep going on and on about these goals I want to figure out on the way out of nowhere there is this kid that Just keeps on bugging me and finally ii wanted to know what he wanted and he said that in order for me to be here I had to claim my territory.Now I know that right now I am in the meeting of the goddess. While I was getting up he got to the starting line and I was baffled. I was curious of what this was. He told me that what we have to race all the way around the park and Hoover crosses the finish line first wins. So we got onto the line and out of nowhere here comes a tall person that told us that he is the referee and he will managed on who will win the race and claim the park. He asked if we were ready and we both shook our heads and he started counting. 3.. 2. 1 . . GO! All you see is us two running all the way around the park.During the time I am running I look to my left and I see him neck and neck to me. So I decided to reduce my speed and come right up behind him so I dont have the wind right in my face and so I can gain acceleration when it comes to the end. As we come to the last mum sprint I gotten enough speed that I cut him off because I realized that he is tired. As I gained speed he looks at me shocked. I run as fast as my legs would take me and surprisingly I was running so fast he was going farther away from me. As soon as I passed the finish the finish line all I hear him say is FINISHED. When my opponent finally came up to me he congratulated me and told me I can go back and do what I was doing. When I had gotten back to my book I immediately put that experience in the rule book and finished up my goals. After I finished up putting in my last thought I closed it, put it back into my bag and Just sat there. I was tired of doing things I Just wanted to take a break and Just relax a bit before I continue my Journey. Right before it was hitting when I get up I Just walk up and follow a little cement path and it goes on for miles.I just walked and I dont know how long I walked until it gets to my cabin of where I was supposed to stay do to my challenge. I ended up getting there at around 10:30 pm. As I put my bag away I realize that I havent done what I wanted to do. Tomorrow I am focusing on me. My interests come into action When one commits to seriousness he has to have something as a getaway. When I always have the time or I Just dont feel like dealing with certain things I would focus on the one thing and that would be my track and field career.I need to get better at it so eventually I can go to state and letter in the events that I do. I am not a track runner I am more of a fielder. My events that I do is long and triple Jump. So far my record that was recorded in practice was 16 1 for my long Jump. When it comes to districts for long Jump I only got 153. 5 because I scratched on my 3 Jump. As for my triple Jump my longest recorded was 324. As for districts I had wrong footing so I only got 316. 5. I want to get stronger at it so what I need to do is focus on my strategy. Once I do that then I can focus on how to make me have faster acceleration so I can be able to get more momentum to Jump no only higher but farther as well. When I have accomplished those 2 things in my head I will be unstoppable. What I always start out for training is running at least a mile. I do that because it calms me down and gets me worked up for the competitiveness that I bring to myself. I love to halogen myself because it helps me understand that I can overcome even myself. When I get done with my run I usually do some stretching right after that.When I am feeling rushed I dont necessarily do the stretching I go straight into the work. For this kind of thing I do I mainly do it for not wanting to go home while challenging my mental stability? So I am having an apotheosis phase right now. I Just want to do things that helps me have fun and be a kid instead of worrying things right now. I guess the main reason why I like track is based on me instead of a team. I like Just to ark alone when being a competitive person. I dont really have a reason I guess I just like to be territorial and keep me limits to myself instead of having to share what I got.That is why I train so much and keep my training at a precise schedule and follow through it so that I know that no matter what I will come up on top. When I lose my meets and dont get placed into the top 4 1 feel down on myself because I feel like I didnt put in the amount of work that I should have for this reason. I believe that is why I am in MAMA (Mixed Martial Arts). I have really bad OPTS and that causes me to eave anger management. When I get into tournaments for my fighting career I release all the anger that I get. I mostly get my anger from my family.I dont really enjoy my family so thats why I am in these activities to make sure that when I do take stuff out on it isnt the people I end up getting in trouble with. I was never a champion for my fighting career but I was a champion for my grappling and grounding career. I study under McMahon Brazilin Juju-jujitsu. Not only do they teach me about different types of scenarios but also we fight in different types of clothing as well. We get into GIs and we have to fight in those and we fight without them. I enter in what is called NAG tournament and that is a tournament held in many different 4th time going into there.Since I became experienced in the tournament I can already Judge people and use the certain moves based on what they look like of their stance and previous performance. It was my first time getting first in the tournament and it felt great. Some things I believe are here for a reason due to the fact of what you have and what you know you can overcome based on your past. I do this based n a stress reliever and not having to worry what next horrible thing will come into my pathway because I am more focused on what I have that is more important than that. I like to see myself as the one that did bad things but turned it into a good thing based on its experience in certain areas. 4 the curiosity of my life Finally the day shall come and you show your true colors. I usually like to Just get away for a little bit so I get packed up and I Just go off running. I never know what I will find but the fact that when I do find something that will suit me in the moment I ill take that chance and hopefully I can get something out of it. I mostly like to Just run to the woods and par core there.I like to do exploration of the nature because of what happened when I was in the 5th grade. In the 5th grade we were supposed to create a society and give where and when it will be. So my friend Gavin and I we created a Native American society and we called it Redwood. We made little bits of badges that look like peace symbols. So what we would do is we would go to the woods and find the creek and we would go to the frozen waterfall and right on top we loud start building our society there. We wanted this to become a reality and get actual people to come and Join.First we had to figure out what is what and who will run certain things. We had to create anthems and money system. As we come up with this while we build our society we also came up with what food we would have. Since we cant actually get fish and stuff from the creek and the waterfall so what we do is we would earn money from our parents and go to the Mint mart right across the street and get some food for our place. I wanted to create a place that I could get way from the world but I realize that I couldnt unless I look everywhere and find out which is the best place that is suitable for me.As I continue to run to the woods I find that this person standing right in front of the cement path. I run up to the man as temptress and all he is doing is holding up a sign saying if you are a member of Redwood clan come to me I was quite shocked on what is going on and so I told him that I was the person that created the clan and he was finally happy from what I could tell because all I see him smiling. He takes me to what he calls is his secret lair ND what it looks like is Just a trousers. But in the trousers it looks like a place that has a whole bunch of ideas.He tells me he has been wanting to Join since he was in the group. As I keep talking to him he finally tells me his name. My name is Xavier Johnson I remember his name from somewhere. I asked him where have we met before and he told me that we were in basketball tryouts together. 000000HHHHHH!!!! Now I get it. See I wasnt the kind of person that was extremely sporty but the fact that I got in during 7th grade I thought I would make it back in 8th grade at my old school. When we finally know about when we knew each other he showed me some good ideas on about how to make the civilization more efficient and with it.We came up with the solution that we would put the government in its own little place to protect it from being bombarded and whoever would walk there would have to be its own messengers gathered from people that would take up all the ideas, complaints, and records that have been kept. Not only that but we came up with the fact that we who created it dont have to be the one that will be held for the government position, but that we will be getting whatever we want but there is some assure way into it.We wouldnt want to get special treatment and that there will be no social class and everyone will be treated the same and that no one will be secluded from a specific event. If you disk obey the rules you will have to either choose a punishment that is between 2 decent ones or take one that all the civilians would think is best. We are not a democracy and force people to do specific things that doesnt need to be. Finally we have decided that we will let everyone decided on what they will believe in when it comes to the higher power.Now that we have everything overdo I think it would be best that will get started right away so in the end I can put this in my rule book. 5 The one that helps you the most When my Journey becomes tough I have my spirits that help me. As we get done building I start to wonder who is there to tell you what is right and what there is to fix. Not Just in your projects that you build but everything that you do. While I put the last little bit of rules that I do I am missing Just one part. MY SPIRIT!!!! I cannot believe this happened I thought I got this squared away. I wanted to find this out quick because today is the day I come home.So I dont even know where to start. I guess I would have to go to a certain place that is alone. Wait I got it. Ill Just go to the one place that I only know where it is. The center of the field. It is very hard to get. When I get there I bring sacrifices of its own land to put it on what is called the Tree of life. After I put the sacrifices there (a marking of your sign, a dandelion, and a fallen branch), I go in the tree that has an opening that my family put ritual candles surrounding the middle of the tree. In the center of the inside of the tree was a mat that is for only prayer use. There I sit and Just meditate. I dont pray because I dont have a religion I Just as my past for some advice so they can help me not make the mistakes that they made in the past. Finally after a couple of minutes I finally get supernatural aid from my ancestors. From what I get out of it I need to take things slow and take everything inn and so that eventually I can use that into my greater use. While I get up to thank them I noticed that something wasnt how it was supposed to go. I knew that it was supposed to blow wind but the only time it shouldnt is when something is happening in the family.Snap I forgot it was my brothers birthday that is why I was supposed to return home with my rule book complete. Now I was going to give it to him so that I can give this for his birthday present. Oh everything is making sense now and all this is because all of my ancestors. It is making me feel like I am a master of 2 worlds. Due to the fact that I got help and actually understood them for the first time. As I run back to the cabin to get my things I am starting to believe that there really is something that is above us and will pin-point us to the right direction no matter what they are.Here I am I need to hurry I have to be home in 2 hours. That means I got to book it. So as I run I am trying to write the rest of my spiritual words in there. As the day comes to an end I see the but will they accept me once I show them my book? I guess we are going to have to find out. As I walk in everyone looked at me and Just stared. Eventually all you see is my father walk up to me and told me how proud he was to see me return. I told him that I have finished my book and that I am ready to share with everyone. We walked to the dining table where my brother was and he has gotten bigger.I would say he has grown about a couple of inches of when I last seen him. After we got done getting settled of when I came back we actually had a good time. Until the time I had to hand my rule book over. As I handed it over I was getting really nervous and I feel like they might not accept me and my rules. Finally it comes to them reading it aloud. After he spoke the first word my OPTS started coming and it is driving me crazy. They kept reading on and on until they couldnt read no more. When my older brother finally got done reading my book everyone was dead silent. A minute later my brother tot up from his seat walked over to me and told me that it is very interesting and that he accepts that. WHOA! I have one person accept me I wonder if my dad will to. My brother walks over to my dad and all you see is them talking in the corner for a really long time. Regardless if it was really 5 minutes it seemed forever. When the time pasted my dad comes over and for once I finally see him shed a tear and tell me that he is proud to accept me as not only a son but also a Bonneville. YES!!!! Now that I am a TRUE Bonneville I am able to Join in the activities and finally reunite with my family in happiness.

7 Steps for Writing a Paper on an Environmental Issue

7 Steps for Writing a Paper on an Environmental Issue Are you a student tasked with writing a research paper on an environmental issue? These few tips, along with some hard and focused work, should get you most of the way there. 1. Find a topic Look for a topic that speaks to you, that grabs your attention. Alternatively, choose a topic about which you are genuinely interested in learning more. It will be a lot easier to spend time working on something of interest to you. Here are some places you can find ideas for a paper: Of course, here on About.com’s Environmental Issues site. Browse the front page to see if a topic grabs your attention, or go to more specific content hubs like these ones:Global warmingBiodiversityDeforestationFossil fuelsWater PollutionThe science or environment sections of major newspapers and news organizations will feature articles about current environmental news and events.Environmental news websites like Grist or Environmental News Network. 2. Conduct research Are you using internet resources? Make sure you can assess the quality of the information you find. This article from Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab is useful to help with assessing the quality of your sources. Print resources are not to be neglected. Visit your school or city library, learn how to use their search engine, and talk to your librarian about accessing the resources available. Are you expected to constrain your sources to primary literature? That body of knowledge consists of peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals. Consult your librarian for help with accessing the proper databases to reach those articles. 3. Follow instructions Carefully read the handout or prompt given to you and which contains instructions about the assignment. Early in the process, make sure you choose a topic that will satisfy the assigned requirements. Once half-way through the paper, and once when it’s done, check it against the instructions to make sure you didn’t drift away from what was required. 4. Start with a solid structure First craft a paper outline with your main ideas organized, and a thesis statement. A logical outline will make it easy to gradually flesh out ideas and eventually produce complete paragraphs with good transitions between them. Make sure all the sections serve the purpose of the paper outlined in the thesis statement. 5. Edit After you have a good draft produced, put the paper down, and don’t pick it up until the next day. It’s due tomorrow? Next time, start working on it earlier. This break will help you with the editing stage: you need fresh eyes to read, and re-read your draft for flow, typos, and a myriad other little problems. 6. Pay attention to formatting Along the way, check that you are following your teacher’s formatting instructions: font size, line spacing, margins, length, page numbers, title page, etc. A poorly formatted paper will suggest to your teacher that not only the form, but the content is of low quality as well. 7. Avoid plagiarism First, make sure you know what plagiarism is, you can then more easily avoid it. Pay especially close attention to properly attributing the work you cite. For More Information Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Writing a Research Paper.

An Aberration or a Logical Outcome of the American Ideology Assignment

An Aberration or a Logical Outcome of the American Ideology - Assignment Example   Kramer insists that the increasing numbers of American couples opting to separate rather than stay together are the direct fallout of the value system and lifestyle that America collectively espouses. Kramer’s basic contention is that the contemporary emphasis on the autonomy of the individual as the foundation of a good relationship is what causes more frequent breakups. This emphasis may be in the form of the psychiatrist’s advice to the couple to stand their own ground in an argument; or may be reflected in classic American literature like Thoreau’s ‘self-help book’ Walden, which celebrates the individual spirit; or in the economic ideal of Capitalism that America proudly ‘exports’; and other such ideas fundamental to the American way of life. Despite the changed contexts and newer developments since the publication of Kramer’s article, it remains a text that is still valid and instructive in analyzing a pervasive social ph enomenon visible in the United States even today. Even though fifteen years have passed since it was first published, Kramer’s arguments still stand up to scrutiny. A recent article on CNBC reveals how because of the growing acceptance and maturing of the ‘two-income family model’, divorce rates have actually been falling over the last decade in America. It reveals how in the 1970s initially, there was a sudden surge in divorce rates with more and more women joining the workforce and divorce laws.

Venezuela Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Venezuela - Term Paper Example The history of Venezuela can be traced back to the fifteenth century when Christopher Columbus discovered the land in 1498 during his journey to the New World. Before Columbus however, other people also lived on the soil of Venezuela who were mostly involved in farming and hunting. The name Venezuela is derived from the word ‘Little Venice’ which came into existence after the arrival of Columbus in the region. Alonso de Ojeda visited the soil and named the land as Venezuela. In the 16th century Spain provided a charter to the Germans so that they could open a banking firm over the land. The charter however was later revoked and the Spaniards took over the region. Venezuela was a part of New Granada until the nineteenth century when it finally took independence from Spain in 1821 under Simon Bolivar (Boehm 1987; Unesco 1999). The government run in the republic of Venezuela is a federal form of government. Its constitution was formed in December 1999. In 1830 Venezuela separated from Colombia, Panama and Ecuador to become a sovereign state. The political rule in Venezuela has been very unstable since its independence. Dictatorial rule and revolutions have been witnessed in Venezuela in the 20th century. From 1908 to 1935 and from 1950-1958 there have been rules of dictators. However after 1958 the politics of the state has been run by civilians as after 1958 the military backed off from interfering in national politics. It was after the World War One that the Venezuelan government has focused more on its petroleum based economy which has helped in stabilizing the country’s economy.... It was after the corruption charges on President Perez that the situation of Venezuela started to become better. In December 1998 Hugo Chavez won the votes in the assembly to become the president of Venezuela. The nation has since then developed into a powerful ally of many countries and the political turmoil has come to a standstill in the country (U.S Department of State 2011). Current Situation Hugo Chavez is the President of Venezuela these days after he won his elections in 2006 by defeating Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales. He has since then implemented new laws such as Socialism in Venezuela. He has passed other laws related to airports, industries and roads ever since. The government of Venezuela has to face several problems in the recent years under Chavez’s government. The problem of energy can be cited as one of the problems that Venezuela is facing. Energy blackouts are one of the problems that Venezuela has been facing in the recent years and this has dampened their hopes of expanding their economy. Energy shortages can lead to the increase in the economic problems that the country is currently facing. Chavez has also provided the state with a declaration about the energy crisis and has implemented laws to fight off the energy problems (Starboek News 2010; U.S Department of State 2011). The government type currently followed in Venezuela is a federal type of government. The states of Venezuela maintain some sort of power in their authority and the voters are given the democracy to vote for their governmental representatives. The economy of Venezuela is run through the businesses revolving around the petroleum products. The major industry of Venezuela is oil which is being exported

Ban Animal Testing Essay Example for Free

Ban Animal Testing Essay Regardless of efforts to reduce or eliminate using animals for testing purposes for consumer products, the practice continues relatively unabated. While the federal government does not require animal testing to ensure that such products as hair spray, toothpaste, and laundry detergent are safe for consumers. The companies such as Proctor and Gamble are continue in their vain to attempts at convincing consumer that they have virtually eliminated such inhumane practices. The truth is that in today’s world, cats and dogs are not safe from animal testing. Neither consumer boycotts nor efforts from those opposed to such practices within the scientific community have had much of an impact on the elimination of animal testing. This paper explores the continued practice of using animals for the sake of testing consumer products. In a sense, what has been written may seem graphic in nature, but it is all for good reason. If we profess to love our pets and also cherish the marvelousness and beauty provided by nature. Then, it seems quite evident that the only effective means left is through legislation and legally banning the continued practice of animal testing. There is a room somewhere in this world. It is very white and sterile and filled with small, white cages with openings at their front meant to allow the heads of rabbits to remain exposed. There are a good number of these cages lined up in neat rows befitting a clinical setting. Such a presentation infuses a sense of professionalism, that everything in this laboratory is sanctioned, authorized and approved. A technician enters the room, wearing a white smock befitting this featureless place, except for the rabbits. Staring front and center, the rabbit barely able to move because their bodies are locked within the small cages while their heads remain exposed bearing witness for what is to come. The technician seems to scribble a few sentences on a piece of paper affixed to a board and picks up a marked spray bottle filled with a watery solution. One step at a time, the technician passes the rabbits spraying the solution into their eyes. When at the end of the row, the technician turns around and repeats the process, doing it over and over  again until the rabbits begin to scream. For a few more moments the technician continues the process. The faces of the rabbits are sopping from the solution and there is a frenetic energy in the air resulting from them being in a state of extreme panic. However, the technician makes no note of this. Instead, they scribbling more words onto the paper stating something to the effect that the rabbits had survived. The pain and agony of the rabbits was just to test the safety of toothpaste (Boggan, 2011). It seems rather strange that various agencies within the federal government publish information pertaining to the ethical treatment of laboratory animals. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966 remains the overriding authority for the treatment of laboratory animals used in experiments to test the safety of consumer products ranging from shampoo to household cleaners (USDA, 2014). Agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) all have regulations that outline the care of laboratory animals, providing instructions on such things as feeding, transporting, and even how to care for their claws (USDA, 2014). Be that as it may, nowhere in this literature does it say that experimentation is authorized for the purposes of consumer goods. For example, the FDA regulates animal testing for cosmetics, but the agency makes it clear that such testing is not mandatory (FDA, 2014). If so, then why would Proctor and Gamble, a major producer of a wide variety of consumer products, go to such great pains to convince the public that it has eliminated all animal testing, except for that which is mandated by the government (Proctor and Gamble, n.d.)? In truth, Proctor and Gamble continues to test its products on a virtual menagerie of animals, such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits and mice. The company continues to conduct animal testing for purposes of bringing new consumer products such as hair dyes, skin creams and laundry detergents to market. If the package of a product states that it is â€Å"new and improved† then it is almost guaranteed that animal testing has occurred (Sourcewatch, n.d.). In the Proctor and Gamble universe, animals are fair game for experimentation because they are cheap, plentiful, and defenseless. Hamsters and rats are forced to inhale nanoparticles used in skin and hair products. A genetic alteration is commonplace when using mice and rats for purposes of improving  beauty and cleaning products. Other animals are continually killed and maimed for the sake of testing for skin irritancy with products used for hair and fabric care (Uncaged, n.d.). Perhaps, worst of all is that experimentation on animals continues even after a product has been deemed safe, and determined after testing had occurred with human subjects (Uncaged, n.d.). Animal testing should be made illegal. The federal government does not have an obligation that such testing is required in consumer product testing, then why continue to do it when alternatives have existed for years? Since 1981, Johns Hopkins University’s Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has organized efforts to both reduce and eliminate the use of animal testing. CAAT was responsible for the development of a program to replace, reduce, and refine animal testing that was adopted by the NIH through the Revitalization Act of 1993, which specifically mandates that all scientific efforts that employ animal testing follow the example of CAAT (CAAT, 2014). However, oversight that ensures adherence to the Revitalization Act is virtually impossible to conduct due to a lack of funding. Yet it will be on the part of regulators, and possibly due to the power and influence that corporations such as Proctor and Gamble wield (Proctor and Gamble, n.d.). Thus, the only way to effectively prevent the continued abuse and cruelty of animals for purposes of testing is to ban such practices through legislation. Works Cited Boggan, S. (2011, July 29). Why 8 million animals face death to test your toothpaste and washing liquid. Retrieved 16 November 2014, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2019976/Why8-million-animals-facedeath test toothpaste-washing-liquid.html Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. (2014). CAAT History. Retrieved 16 November 2014, from http://caat.jhsph.edu/about/history.html FDA. (2014, July 29). Animal testing cosmetics. Retrieved 17 November 2014, from http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ScienceResearch/ProductTesting/ucm072268.htm Proctor and Gamble. (n.d.). We’re committed to eliminating research involving animals. Cincinnati, OH: Author. Sourcewatch. (n.d.). Procter Gamble. Retrieved 18 November 2014, from http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Procter_%26_Gamble#cite_note-15 Uncaged. (n.d.). PG animal testing: Procter and Gambles animal tests. Retrieved 17 November 2014, from http://www.uncaged.co.uk/pgtesting.htm USDA. Laboratory animals. Animal Welfare Information Center. Retrieved 18 November 2014, from http://awic.nal.usda.gov/government-and-professional-resources/legislation-regulations-and-guidelines-subject/laboratory